Capacity Utilization

if percent % capacity utilization is given by R0, then the number of items in Queue ( Rienertsen, queueing theory) is given by (R0^2)/ (1-R0). So if we utilize 70% of capacity we get 1.63 items in the Queue , whereas for 95% capacity we obtain 18 items in the Queue. That says it is important to retain some buffer in the capacity so the chances of backflow and bottlenecks in the flow are reduced.